Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12



Lymphatic System Notes- Chapter 12

Lymphatic system consists of 2 parts: _______________________________________________

Functions: transports __________________________________ and essential role in body’s ______________________________________________________

What is lymph? ___________________________________________________________________

Properties: ________________________ towards the heart

• No ___________

• Movement to heart uses ___________________________________

Materials returned to the blood: 1. _________________ 2. ____________________ 3. _____________

Harmful substances in lymph: ___________________________________________________________

Lymph nodes- ____________ lymph before it is returned to _________________

Defense cells in lymph nodes:

1. _____________________- engulf and _________________________________________

2. _____________________- provide immune response to antigens

Lymph nodes are ________________-shaped.

Outer part is called ____________________ while inner part is called ___________________

Four lymph organs: _______________________________________________________

1. Spleen- located on the ________________ side of abdomen

Filters ___________, destroys worn out ________________

Acts as a _____________________

2. Thymus- located _______________________

Functions at peak levels only during _________________

Produces ______________ to program _________________

3. Tonsils- lymphoid tissue around ____________

Trap and remove ______________________________________

Tonsillitis is caused by ________________________________

4. Peyer’s patch- found in ________________________________________

Capture and destroy ________________________________________

Mucosa –Associated Lymphatic Tissue ( )

Consists of: ______________________________________ to protect _________________________

Body has two types of response: (1)_________________ which protect against a ____________ of invaders and responds ________________

(2)Specific response which is known as the __________________________

Surface Membrane Barriers- ________ line of defense

1. Skin – physical barrier to _________________

pH of skin is ___________ to ____________________________

sebum ( ) is toxic and vaginal secretions are ___________________

2. Stomach mucosa- secretes ___________________ and has _____________________________

3. Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain ____________________

4. ________________ traps microorganisms in ________________ and __________________

Defense cells: phagocytes, which engulf and digest _________________material, and NK cells.

NK ( )cells lyse and kill __________________ can also destroy _____________________

________________________ is 2nd line of defense

-Triggered when body tissues are __________

-Four cardinal signs: 1. ____________ 2. ______________ 3. _____________ 4. _______

-Chain of events lead ______________________________________

Interferon binds to healthy cells to ________________________________

Importance of a fever- abnormally high _____________________________

-high temperatures prevent bacteria from accessing _______________________________

-increases speed of _________________

- _______________________ regulates temperature, ________________ cause an fever

Specific Defense- ________________________- 3rd line of defense

1. _________________- recognizes and acts against a ____________________________

2. systemic- not _____________________________

3. has memory- recognizes and holds a _____________________ on previously ________________

Antigen- ______________________________________________________________________

Examples include: foreign proteins, pollen __________, micro____________, large ____________

Self-antigens- proteins that are on the surface of our ________ cells

We do not attack ourselves, why are transplants risky? _____________________________________

Lymphocytes: originate in ____________________

-B cells become immunocompetent in ________________________

*Most become _______________ that secrete _____________________ and last _____

* Some become __________________ and cause a _____________ response the 2nd time

-T cells become immunocompetent in ________________________

*Cytotoxic T cells- specialized in _______________________________

*________________- _______________ other cells to fight invaders

* ______________________- stop the immune system

-Macrophages arise from ______________________

Active immunity- your B cells _____________________________________________

- natural- ___________________ -artificially acquired- ______________________________

Passive- antibodies are __________________________________

-Natural- ____________________________

Immunological memory _______________________ Protection is “________________________”

Antibodies, __________________________, or Igs- soluble proteins secreted by _____________

• Five major immunoglobulin classes: _______________________

• IgM – can ___________________ IgD – important in activation _________

• IgA – found mainly in ___________ IgE – involved in _________________

• IgG – can cross _____________________, also the most abundant

Allergies: abnormal, ________________________________________

1. Immediate hypersensitivity

• Triggered by release of _____________________ within SECONDS

• ____________________________ – dangerous, systemic response

2. Delayed hypersensitivity- symptoms seen ___________________________

Immunodeficiency- ________________________________ of immune cells is ___________________

Autoimmune disease- the body produces ______________________________________________

1. Multiple sclerosis – ______________________________________________________

2. Juvenile diabetes – destroys __________________________ that produce ________________

3. Rheumatoid arthritis- destroys ________________

4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)- _______________________________

5. Myasthenia gravis – impairs communication ________________________________________

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download