Summary Chart for STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)



Summary Chart for STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

|Name of STD |Chlamydia |HPV (Human Papilomavirus), Genital Warts |

| | |(most common STD today) |

|Other name / Nickname | Often referred to as the silent STD because often no symptoms at first. | |

|Type of Organism |Bacteria (most common bacterial STD) |Virus (several types of the virus) |

|How Transmitted |Passed during sexual contact (vaginal, anal or oral). From infected mom to baby |Most common STD virus) |

| |during vaginal childbirth. Highly contagious |Pass during sexual contact (most often vaginal and anal) |

|Incubation Period |1-3 weeks if symptoms appear |6 weeks to 8 months |

| |¾ females and ½ of males have no symptoms | |

|Typical Symptoms |Symptoms tend to develop slowly and often mild. Many cases have no symptoms. |Several types of HPV virus and some cause warty growths while others do not |

| |Males: discharge from penis, burning and itching at urethral opening, burning | |

| |sensation during urination. |Genital warts: small bumps or groups of bumps, usually in the genital area. They can|

| |Females: Often no symptoms sometimes a slight vaginal discharge: itching and |be raised or flat, single or multiple, small or large, sometimes cauliflower shaped. |

| |burning of vagina, painful intercourse, abdominal pain, fever in later stages. | |

|How Diagnosed |Lab test of discharge from urethra or cervix |In females – Pap test for cervical cell changes and cervical cancer |

| | |Visual inspection of the genitals for both men and women for genital warts |

|Treatment / Prevention |Treatment: Antibiotics (not penicillin) |Prevention: HPS vaccine for girls is highly recommended |

| | |No treatment for the virus itself. |

| | |Prescriptions medications (creams) for the warts, sometimes doctors will using |

| | |freezing or laser treatments which need repeating. Can be painful. |

| | |Cervical cancer treatments vary. |

|Danger |If untreated, for women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal |Can lead to cervical cancer in women. |

| |pregnancy, sterility. In men, can lead to urinary tract disease and sterility. | |

| |A person can get re-infected. | |

STD Summary p. 2

|Name of STD |Genital Herpes |Gonorrhea |

|Other name / Nickname |Herpes Simplex Virus |Clap, Drip, GC |

|Type of Organism |Virus |Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae |

|How Transmitted |Virus can be found anywhere on the body, but is usually found on the genital area.|Direct contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. Can spread from mother to baby|

| | |during delivery. |

| |Note: There are two types of herpes: 1 and 2. Herpes type 1 is cold sores/fever|Contaminated fingers can pass it to the eyes. |

| |blisters often around the mouth. Type 2 produces sores around genital area. Both| |

| |viruses can infect either area. | |

|Incubation Period |Few days to 3 weeks |2-5 days, but up to 30 days |

|Typical Symptoms |Blister(s) around the genitals or rectum |Men: burning sensation when urinating, or a white, yellow, or green discharge from |

| |When the blisters break they leave tender open sores, crust over and take 2-4 |the penis. Sometimes painful or swollen testicles. |

| |weeks to heal. |Women: often milk, but mostly no symptoms. Initial symptoms might include: painful |

| |Flu-like symptoms – including fever and swollen glands may also occur. |or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding |

| |Most individuals do not have sores, or have mild signs that they do not even |between periods. |

| |notice. |Rectal or throat symptoms may be present if located there, but often no symptoms. |

| |Typically people have about 4-5 outbreaks the first year and then over time the | |

| |recurrences usually decrease in frequency | |

|How Diagnosed |Visual inspection by a healthcare provider, taking a sample from the sore and |Several types of lab tests: Culture or smear from discharge of infected site. |

| |testing it in a lab, through a blood test in between outbreaks |Possible diagnosis from urine sample if in urethra or cervix. |

| |Pap Test for women | |

|Treatment |No treatment to cure genital herpes, but antiviral medications can shorten the |Antibiotics cure gonorrhea, although more and more drug resistant strains are |

| |outbreaks. |developing making it harder to treat. Persons with gonorrhea should also be tested |

| |Antibiotics will not treat genital herpes. |for other STDs |

|Danger | |A person can get re-infected with gonorrhea. |

| | |Infants infected during birth can become blind. All infants in the U.S. receive drops|

| | |in their eyes as soon as they are born to try to prevent this from happening. |

| | |Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), arthritis, skin sores, brain and heart damage, skin|

| | |rashes. |

| | |Major cause of sterility in women. Been around since ancient times. |

STD Summary p. 3

|Name of STD |Bacterial Vaginosis |Pediculosis Pubic |

|Other name / Nickname |(BV), Gardnerella Vaginitis, Vaginitis |Crabs, pubic lice, and cooties |

|Type of Organism |Bacteria |Parasites found primarily in the pubic or genital areas |

|How Transmitted |Genital contact with an infectious person |(can be found on other coarse body hair, but mostly genitals) |

|Incubation Period |Varies |Nit – lice eggs: 6-10 days to hatch |

| | |Nymph – 2-3 weeks after hatching to mature into an adult (to live, feeds on blood) |

| | |Adult: feeds on blood |

| | |May live on towels, sheets, clothing for a day or two. |

|Typical Symptoms |Most don’t have any symptoms: especially rare in males. |Itching in the genital area |

| |Women may show signs of slight grayish or yellow vaginal discharge with foul |Visual nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice |

| |odor mild itching or burning. | |

| | |Lice found on the head generally are head lice, not pubic lice. |

|How Diagnosed |Lab test of vaginal fluid to look for bacteria |Examining the nits on hair and locating adult lice adhering to the hair. |

|Treatment |Antibiotics |Special creams, lotions, or shampoos |

|Danger |Can re-occur. |Should be tested for other STDs if have Pubic Lice |

| |Pregnant women with BV more often have babies who are born premature or with | |

| |low birth weight (less than 5.5 lbs). |To prevent getting the disease again, treatment of sex partner is necessary. Further,|

| |BV can infect the uterus and fallopian tubes and can lead to PID, which can |clothing and bed sheets should be thoroughly cleaned. |

| |cause infertility or damage the fallopian tubes and increase the risk of | |

| |ectopic pregnancy. | |

STD Summary p. 4

|Name of STD |Trichomoniasis |Syphilis |

|Other name / Nickname |Trich |Syph, Bad Blood, the pox |

|Type of Organism |Protozoan |Bacteria (treponema pallidum) |

|How Transmitted | |Direct contact with infectious sores or rashes mainly on the external genitals, |

| | |vagina, anus, or rectum during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. |

|Incubation Period |5 – 28 days in women |10 to 90 days (21 days avg) |

|Typical Symptoms |Women: white or greenish-yellow discharge with foul odor, vaginal itching and |Syphilis has stages. Many people with syphilis do not have symptoms for years. |

| |soreness, painful urination. Discomfort during intercourse. |Transmitted typically in the primary or second stage and is often transmitted to |

| |Men: most have no symptoms: however, some men may temporarily have irritation |others before they even know they have it. |

| |inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or |Primary stage: Painless chancre (sore) at site of entry of the germs, swollen glands.|

| |ejaculation. |Second stage: Skin rash (one or more areas of the body) and mucous membrane lesions. |

| | |Rash may be rough, red, or reddish brown spots on the palms of hands and bottoms of |

| | |feet. |

| | |Fever, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and |

| | |fatigue. |

| | |Late stage: (up to 10-20 years after infection was first acquired) symptoms may |

| | |disappear. Damage internal organs, brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, |

| | |bones, and joints if left untreated. |

|How Diagnosed |Physical exam and laboratory test. |Physical exam, lab test looking at material from a chancre (sore), blood test. |

| |Harder to detect in men than women. | |

| |Women may have small red sores on vaginal wall or cervix | |

|Treatment |Prescription medication |Antibiotics can easily treat syphilis |

|Danger |Common in young women |Long terms effects if left untreated are severe, insanity, severe illness, even death.|

| |Premature labor (babies born early) and low birth weight babies (less than 5.5 |Can infect the baby of a woman during her pregnancy. Very harmful to the baby! |

| |lbs) |Can be re-infected. |

| |Can be re-infected. | |

|Name of STD |HIV / AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) |

|Other name / Nickname | |

|Type of Organism |Virus |

|How Transmitted |Sexual contact, contaminated needles, blood, baby through breast milk of infected mother |

|Incubation Period |6 months to several years |

|Typical Symptoms |Fever, weight loss, tired, swollen glands, diarrhea that are persistent and intense. |

| |More prone to severe pneumonia, unusual cancers, especially of the skin |

|How Diagnosed |Blood test |

|Treatment |Variety of medicines available to increase a person’s T cell count and ability to fight infections. “Drug cocktails”, including AZT. |

| |No cure |

|Danger |Latex condom reduces its transmission, if used correctly. Today people are living longer with the disease if take care of themselves, take proper medications, etc. |

| | |

| |If a person has an STD they are more susceptible to HIV |

STD General Information:

STDs are equal opportunity diseases – they don’t care how rich or poor you are, how intelligent you are, what color your skin is, etc.

Abstinence is the only effective protection against STDs

You may not remember each disease and symptom, but you should know what is normal and what is abnormal about your reproductive system so you know when to seek treatment. If left untreated, STDs can lead to ectopic pregnancy, sterility, pelvic inflammatory disease, emotional complications, blindness for a newborn, arthritis, liver damage, long-term infections of reproductive organs and other body organs if left untreated. Even death can occur.

Prevention: Abstinence, fidelity to one partner, using a condom with spermicide, education on seeking treatment early.

Causes of STDs – Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, even fungi

Where do they multiply? In humans

How do they enter/exit body? Penis, vagina, rectum, mouth, breaks in skin, mucous membranes, blood

Anyone having sexual contact with an infected person, sharing a drug needle with an infected person, newborn babies of infected mothers

How are they transmitted? Intimate sexual contact, infected pregnant mother to newborn child.

Normal vs Abnormal

|Normal for Male |Abnormal for Male |Normal for Female |Abnormal for Female |Important Point- |

|No bloody discharge, no itching, redness,|Genital discharge that is white or clear, |Discharge that is clear-cloudy, sometimes|Discharge that is constant, heavy, foul |Sometimes no symptoms occur but can |

|or tenderness, ejaculate a milky white |often thick, abdominal pain, painful |yellowish closer to her period. |odor, change in color to greenish, thick, |still transmit the disease to others. |

|fluid without blood, lumps, foul odor, or|urination, skin changes – sores, rashes, |Discharge can be heavier before and after|curdy, cramping (beyond menstrual cramps),| |

|drainage |bumps around genitals, itching, redness, |period, uptight, nervous, taking |blisters, sores, or warts, chills or | |

| |warts, blisters, fever, chills |antibiotics or the birth control pill, or|fever, itching and/or burning around the | |

| | |pregnant. |vaginal opening | |

Treatment: A partner will be notified if you have an STD, but your name will not be given.

Teens may receive treatment for STDs without parent consent.

Treatment available at health clinics, doctor’s offices, hospitals or call the STD National Hotline – 1:-800-227-8922

Tell your partner to get treatment. Take precautions during treatment such as when it’s okay to have sexual contact again.

Take all of your medication, even if you feel better in several days.

Don’t share medications. Not all medications are effective against every STD.

Don’t take old medication. Each STD is unique and requires special treatment.

You can get an STD over again. Virus can lay dormant in your body and you can have more outbreaks.

STDs that are from bacteria (like Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphllis) can be treated/killed with antibiotics. Virus can’t be treated with antibiotics.

If not choosing abstinence – protection with a latex condom combined with a spermicide is vitally important to preventing STDs! Be Safe!

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