2016 Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum …

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / ENGINEERING

Massachusetts Curriculum Framework ? 2016

Grades Pre-Kindergarten to 12

This document was prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

Board of Elementary and Secondary Education Members

Mr. Paul Sagan, Chair, Cambridge

Mr. Michael Moriarty, Holyoke

Mr. James Morton, Vice Chair, Boston

Mr. James Peyser, Secretary of Education, Milton

Ms. Katherine Craven, Brookline

Ms. Mary Ann Stewart, Lexington

Dr. Edward Doherty, Hyde Park

Dr. Martin West, Newton

Ms. Amanda Fernandez, Belmont

Ms. Hannah Trimarchi, Chair, Student Advisory

Ms. Margaret McKenna, Boston

Council, Marblehead

Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D., Commissioner and Secretary to the Board

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Phone 781-338-3000 TTY: N.E.T. Relay 800-439-2370 doe.mass.edu

Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

75 Pleasant Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-4906

Dear Colleagues:

I am pleased to present to you the 2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering (STE) Curriculum Framework. This Framework articulates statewide guidelines for STE learning, teaching, and assessment for the Commonwealth's public schools.

To prepare students for success in college, career, and civic life, the 2016 STE standards emphasize the need for student engagement, relevance, rigor, and coherence in curriculum and instruction. The standards:

? Focus on conceptual understanding and application of concepts. ? Integrate disciplinary core ideas and practices to reflect the discipline of science. ? Present coherent progressions of STE core ideas and practices from pre-K to high school. ? Include each discipline in grade-level standards pre-K to grade 8. ? Contribute to preparation for post-secondary success in college and careers. ? Coordinate with the English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics standards.

The 2016 STE standards maintain much of the content of our prior STE standards with updates to reflect changes identified by the field, changes in science and engineering over the past 15 years, and the addition of inquiry and design skills that students need to successfully engage in this discipline in pre-K?12 classrooms, civic life, and post-secondary opportunities. The 2016 STE standards strengthen the often-lauded standards Massachusetts has relied on since 1996.

I would like to thank all of the individuals and groups that provided input, reviewed comments, and suggested edits to the standards, as well as those who contributed to the sections of the Framework. This effort included many representatives from across the state. The Department of Early Education and Care (EEC) and the Department of Higher Education (DHE) were key collaborators to ensure a coherent perspective for all students. I am grateful for the dedication and expertise of all the educators, professionals, scholars, and other participants who engaged with the Department in this endeavor.

I believe a strong understanding of science and technology/engineering is critical for every student in the Commonwealth. Every student must understand the world around them and be able to apply analytical and innovative thinking to complex problems they will face in civic and career contexts. This Framework provides guidance and resources intended to help educators and professionals prepare students for such success. Thank you for your ongoing support for quality STE education and for your commitment to achievement of such important goals for all students in the Commonwealth.

Sincerely,

Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D. Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments.................................................................................. 3

A Vision of Science and Technology/Engineering Education ...................7

Science and Technology/Engineering Education for All Students: The Vision .................. 8 Guiding Principles for Effective Science and Technology/Engineering Education .......... 14

Science and Technology/Engineering Learning Standards ....................23

Overview of the Standards ..................................................................................................24 Use of Selected Terms .........................................................................................................26

Grades Pre-K?2: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices..........27

Pre-Kindergarten ................................................................................................................29 Kindergarten ........................................................................................................................ 32 Grade 1 .................................................................................................................................34 Grade 2.................................................................................................................................36

Grades 3-5: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices ................. 39

Grade 3 ................................................................................................................................. 41 Grade 4 ................................................................................................................................. 45 Grade 5 .................................................................................................................................48

Grades 6-8: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices..................52

Grade 6 ................................................................................................................................. 54 Grade 7 .................................................................................................................................60 Grade 8.................................................................................................................................66

High School: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices ................ 72

High School Earth and Space Science ................................................................................ 74 High School Biology ............................................................................................................ 78 High School Chemistry........................................................................................................84 High School Introductory Physics .....................................................................................89 High School Technology/Engineering................................................................................94

Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering

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Standards-Related Appendices .............................................................97

Appendix I: Science and Engineering Practices Progression Matrix ................................98 Appendix II: Essential Role of Language, Literacy, and Mathematics for Science and Technology/Engineering Learning for All Students ........................................................ 125 Appendix III: Disciplinary Core Idea Progression Matrix ................................................131 Appendix IV: Strand Maps of Science and Technology/Engineering Standards............ 145

Curriculum-Related Appendices ......................................................... 147

Appendix V: The Case for an Integrated Approach in Grades Pre-K?8.......................... 148 Appendix VI:Importance of Science and Engineering in Early Education ..................... 152 Appendix VII: Science and Technology/Engineering Laboratories ................................ 154 Appendix VIII: Value of Crosscutting Concepts and Nature of Science in Curricula ..... 156 Appendix IX: Relevant Contexts for Teaching Science and Technology/Engineering ... 169 Appendix X: The Value of Out of School Time Programming .......................................... 171 Appendix XI: Safety Practices and Legal Requirements...................................................173 Appendix XII: Dissection and Dissection Alternatives in Science Courses: Policies and Resources for Massachusetts Public Schools ................................................................... 185

The Development of Massachusetts' Science and Technology/Engineering Frameworks Since 1995 ...................................................................... 193

The full Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available online at the Department's website (doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html). It is also available in separate sections at doe.mass.edu/stem. The downloadable files are the same as this printed version. Feedback, comments, or questions are welcome. Please contact the Office of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics at stem@.

Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering

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