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A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972 by

STEVEN SETH RHINE (Under the Direction of John Dayton)

ABSTRACT Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has become synonymous with expanding the athletic opportunities for females. Often misunderstood by educational administrators and the general public, this study attempts to review and analyze the historical development of Title IX with specific attention given to athletics at the collegiate and scholastic levels. Throughout this study, the historical and current status of the Title IX is evaluated as well as a thorough comparison between the law's current administration with the historical evidence of Title IX's legislative intent. With the most recent actions involving Title IX in March of 2005, the law's recent publicity demonstrates the ever increasing importance of understanding the legality of various actions by educational institutions as well as high school athletic associations.

INDEX WORDS:

Title IX, gender equity, intercollegiate athletics, scholastic athletics, Cohen v. Brown University, Franklin v. Gwinnett, Jackson v. Birmingham, gender discrimination

A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972 by

STEVEN SETH RHINE B.A., Furman University, 1998 M.Ed., The University of Georgia, 2000

A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF EDUCATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2005

? 2005 Steven Seth Rhine All Rights Reserved

A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1972 by

STEVEN SETH RHINE

Major Professor: Committee:

John Dayton

Catherine Sielke Thomas Holmes

Electronic Version Approved:

Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2005

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For any student who attempts to complete the task of writing a dissertation and completing a doctoral degree, the list of those that have helped and provided support extends well beyond a page. With that in mind, let me first thank my committee and specifically Dr. John Dayton. Dr. Catherine Sielke has provided valuable leadership and valuable advice during the writing process. Dr. Holmes, thank you for serving on short notice and continually questioning the various aspects of Title IX. Dr. Dayton, there is no way to show my appreciation for all you have done. It would have been impossible to complete this paper and the degree without your flexibility, guidance, and leadership throughout the long process. Thank you to all three professors. To all my friends and family, thank you for your support during the entire process. Keith O'Carroll, you believed in me at the start and your belief never wavered. Kristi, you know how much you mean to me now and throughout the process. Without you both, I could have never combined coaching with classes and writing. Dr. Bryan Long, thank you for providing insights into the process and helping me believe that it could be done and will eventually be done. To Stacy, thank you for what you have done and had to put up with. To all the other students and teachers at Grayson High School that have helped during the process, thank you. Lastly, I want to acknowledge my son, Tyler. The joy you bring to my life now and when you were born provided me so much inspiration during the process. I love you so much and I hope that one day you will have the internal passion to embark on a journey similar to this. I love you son.

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