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A Guide to The Globally Harmonized System of

Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

Acronyms/Abbreviations

The following list presents some acronyms and abbreviations used in this document. The 6.0 Glossary contains a more complete list.

ANSI: American National Standards Institute APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASTM: American Society of Testing and Materials CA: Competent Authority CAS: Chemical Abstract Service CBI: Confidential Business Information CFR: Code of Federal Regulations CG/HCCS: Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical Classification Systems CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission DOT: Department of Transportation EINECS: European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances EPA: Environmental Protection Agency EU: European Union FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals HCS: Hazard Communication Standard IARC: International Agency for the Research on Cancer IFCS: International Forum on Chemical Safety ILO: International Labor Organization IOMC: Inter-organization Program on the Sound Management of Chemicals ISO: International Standards Organization IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry LD50 : Lethal dose 50 mg/kg: Milligram per kilogram MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration OECD: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development QSARs: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships

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SDS: Safety Data Sheet SME: Small and medium sized enterprises TFHCL: Task Force on the Harmonization of Classification and Labeling TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act UN: United Nations UNCED: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCETDG: United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods UNCETDG/GHS: United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research WG: work group WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System WSSD: World Summit on Sustainable Development

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Background --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 What is the GHS? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Why was the GHS developed? ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.3 What was the International Mandate? --------------------------------------------------- 4 1.4 How was the GHS developed? ----------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.5 How will the GHS be maintained and updated? --------------------------------------- 5 1.6 When will the GHS be implemented? --------------------------------------------------- 6 1.7 What are the benefits? --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

2. How is the GHS to be applied? ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.1 Are all chemicals covered by the GHS? ------------------------------------------------ 8 2.2 Will all hazardous chemicals require a GHS label and Safety Data Sheet? --------9 2.3 How will the GHS impact existing regulations? --------------------------------------- 9 2.4 What is meant by GHS Building Blocks? --------------------------------------------- 10 2.5 How should the GHS Building Blocks by applied? ---------------------------------- 10 2.5.1 Transport ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.5.2 Workplace ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 2.5.3 Consumer ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.5.4 Pesticides ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.6 How will the GHS impact countries without existing regulations?-----------------12

3. What is Classification? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 3.1 What are the GHS Physical Hazards? -------------------------------------------------- 13 3.1.1 Explosives------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.1.2 Flammable Gases ---------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.1.3 Flammable Aerosols ------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.1.4 Oxidizing Gases ------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3.1.5 Gases Under Pressure------------------------------------------------------------ 16 3.1.6 Flammable Liquids -------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.1.7 Flammable Solids ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.1.8 Self-Reactive Substances ------------------------------------------------------- 17 3.1.9 Pyrophoric Liquids--------------------------------------------------------------- 18 3.1.10 Pyrophoric Solids ---------------------------------------------------------------- 18 3.1.11 Self-Heating Substances -------------------------------------------------------- 18 3.1.12 Substances Which in Contact with Water Emit Flammable Gases ------- 18 3.1.13 Oxidizing Liquids ---------------------------------------------------------------18 3.1.14 Oxidizing Solids ----------------------------------------------------------------- 18 3.1.15 Organic Peroxides --------------------------------------------------------------- 19 3.1.16 Substances Corrosive to Metal ------------------------------------------------ 19 3.2 What are the GHS Health and Environmental Hazards?----------------------------- 20 3.2.1 Acute Toxicity-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 3.2.2 Skin Corrosion-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 3.2.3 Skin Irritation --------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 3.2.4 Eye Effects ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 3.2.5 Sensitization ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

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3.2.6 Germ Cell Mutagenicity--------------------------------------------------------- 23 3.2.7 Carcinogenicity------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 3.2.8 Reproductive Toxicity----------------------------------------------------------- 24 3.2.9 Target Organ Systemic Toxicity: Single Exposure &

Repeated Exposure--------------------------------------------------------------- 24 3.2.10 Aspiration Toxicity---------------------------------------------------------------25 3.3 Environmental Hazards ------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 3.3.1 Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment --------------------------------------- 26

3.3.1.1 Acute Aquatic Toxicity ------------------------------------------------ 26 3.3.1.2 Chronic Aquatic Toxicity --------------------------------------------- 26 3.4 What is the GHS approach to classifying mixtures? --------------------------------- 27 3.5 What are bridging principles? ----------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.6 What testing is required?----------------------------------------------------------------- 28

4. Hazard Communication --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 4.1 What factors influenced development of the GHS communication tools?---------32 4.2 Labels -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 4.2.1 What does a label look like? ---------------------------------------------------- 32 4.2.2 USA Examples ------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 4.2.3 International Examples ---------------------------------------------------------- 35 4.3 What are the GHS label elements? ----------------------------------------------------- 36 4.3.1 Symbols (hazard pictograms)--------------------------------------------------- 38 4.3.2 Signal Words --------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 4.3.3 Hazard Statements --------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.3.4 Precautionary Statements and Pictograms ------------------------------------ 41 4.3.5 Product Identifier (Ingredient Disclosure) ------------------------------------ 42 4.3.6 Supplier Identification----------------------------------------------------------- 42 4.3.7 Supplemental Information ------------------------------------------------------ 42 4.4 How are multiple hazards handled on labels? ----------------------------------------- 42 4.5 Is there a specific GHS label format / layout?----------------------------------------- 43 4.6 What about risk? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 4.7 Are workplace containers covered in the GHS? -------------------------------------- 45 4.8 What is the GHS Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?------------------------------------------- 45 4.9 What is the difference between the GHS SDS and existing MSDSs/SDSs?------ 48 4.10 When should SDSs and labels be updated?-------------------------------------------- 50 4.11 How does the GHS address Confidential Business Information (CBI)?----------- 50 4.12 Does the GHS address training? -------------------------------------------------------- 50

5. References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51

6. Glossary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50

Appendices ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 A Comparison of MSDSs/SDSs Elements --------------------------------------------- A-1 B GHS MSDS examples ------------------------------------------------------------------ B-1

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