1



Chapter 12: Culture

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The tendency to favor one’s own cultural group over other groups is known as

A) elitism.

B) egocentrism.

C) ethnocentrism.

D) realism.

2. Which of the following countries is NOT group-oriented?

A) India

B) Canada

C) China

D) Mexico

3. Dr. Schindler does cross-cultural research on adolescents. These comparisons of adolescents from different cultures tell us the degree to which adolescent development is either universal or

A) culture-fair.

B) culture-free.

C) culture-specific

D) none of these.

4. Which of the following statements regarding gender and culture is NOT true?

A) In many countries, males have greater access to education than females.

B) In most cultures, the experiences of males and females are becoming more alike.

C) In many countries, males have more career opportunities than females.

D) In many countries, males have fewer restrictions on sexual activity than females.

5. Which of the following countries is best described as collectivistic?

A) Thailand

B) Britain

C) Germany

D) Canada

6. Which of the following countries is best described as individualistic?

A) Mexico

B) India

C) Japan

D) the Netherlands

7. Researchers have found that _____ is related to culture.

A) self-efficacy

B) self-conception

C) self-determination

D) co-rumination

8. Individualistic cultures have higher rates than collectivistic cultures of

A) suicide.

B) crime.

C) divorce.

D) All of these.

9. In individualistic cultures, which of the following is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy?

A) personal choice

B) extrinsic motivation

C) self-esteem

D) self-maximization

10. Which of the following is one of the three values that reflect parents’ beliefs in collectivist cultures?

A) respect and obedience

B) competitiveness

C) personal choice

D) intrinsic motivation

11. Recent research has shown that in many families around the world today, children are likely to be reared

A) in a collectivist manner.

B) in an individualistic manner.

C) basically by themselves, with little parental guidance.

D) in manner that combines individualistic and collectivist ways.

13. Recent research by Reed Larson and colleagues on adolescents’ use of time indicates that

A) U.S. adolescents may have too much unstructured time for optimal development.

B) U.S. adolescents need unstructured time to decrease their consistently high stress levels.

C) volunteer activities have no more relaxation value than unstructured time.

D) none of these are true.

15. Rites of passage in many parts of the world provide a _____ entry into the adult world

A) continuous

B) constant

C) discontinuous

D) gradual

17. In the U.S. an event that comes closest to culture-wide rite of passage is

A) high-school graduation.

B) getting a drivers license.

C) graduation from college.

D) high-school senior prom.

18. Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to a grouping of people who are similar in all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A) ethnicity.

B) economic.

C) educational.

D) occupational.

19. Low socioeconomic status has been described as all of the following EXCEPT:

A) low-income.

B) working-class.

C) white-collar.

D) blue-collar.

21. Debbie and Ron are lower-SES parents. Which of the following is probably TRUE of their parenting?

A) They are concerned with developing their children’s delay of gratification.

B) They use more physical punishment when disciplining their children than higher SES parents do.

C) They use an authoritative manner with their children.

D) They are concerned with developing their children’s initiative.

22. Rob and Marion are high-SES parents. Which of the following is probably NOT true of their parenting?

A) They create a home where children are more nearly equal participants.

B) They discuss the rules of the house with the children.

C) They are concerned that their children conform to society’s expectations.

D) They are concerned with developing their children’s initiative.

23. Reed comes from a low-SES background. He is consistently on the honor roll and has been offered a scholarship to a local college. Which of the following factors is MOST likely to have contributed to his success?

A) parental support and sacrifice

B) community block grants to improve his school

C) a mentor

D) a strong religious faith

26. Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to live in poverty?

A) Allen, a Latino who lives with his biological mother and father.

B) Judy, a non-Latino White who lives with her biological mother and father and grandmother.

C) Edgar, a Latino who lives with his single-parent father.

D) Tamika, an African American who lives with her single-parent mother.

28. Compared to their peers with more economic advantages, poor children and adolescents experience all of the following EXCEPT

A) their homes are more crowded and noisy.

B) they watch more television and have less access to books and computers.

C) their homes are more violent and chaotic.

D) their parents monitor their school activities more closely.

30. Evaluation of two-generation interventions to alleviate poverty have shown that they

A) have more of an effect on the parent than on the child.

B) have more of an effect on the child than on the parent.

C) show more benefits in cognitive gains than health benefits.

D) do none of these.

36. Ethnicity is based on all of the following EXCEPT

A) race.

B) language.

C) religion.

D) SES.

37. Jarislaw is a recent immigrant to the U.S. from Poland. He has a brother who came to the United States two years ago. Which of the following stressors is Jarislaw most likely to experience?

A) language barriers

B) religious persecution

C) homelessness

D) all of these

38. Recent research shows links between acculturation and

A) family values.

B) SES.

C) volunteerism.

D) adolescent problems.

40. Leah’s parents came to the U.S. from China. Leah soon began to reject all things Chinese. She wanted to eat only American foods. When a classmate recently asked about the meaning of a small shrine to the Buddha that her parents had in the living room, Leah threw a blanket over it and mumbled that it was a “weird Chinese thing.” Clearly, Leah has handled her status as a Chinese immigrant by

A) rejecting the mainstream culture.

B) rejecting the minority culture.

C) adopting a bicultural identity.

D) developing an assimilation identity.

41. Which of the following statements regarding ethnicity and SES is TRUE?

A) Most research on ethnic minority youth and emerging adults distinguishes between the influences of SES and ethnicity.

B) Middle-class ethnic minority youth are not as subject to prejudice and bias as low-SES minority youth.

C) A higher percentage of ethnic minority children and youth than of non-Latino Whites live in families characterized by poverty.

D) Ethnicity and SES interact in ways that minimize the influence of ethnicity.

44. Many ethnic minority adolescents experience a “double disadvantage” that includes prejudice, discrimination, and bias because of their ethnic minority status and

A) poor health.

B) depression.

C) social isolation in the minority group.

D) the stressful effects of poverty.

51. When Keith is asked why he does not participate in the monthly visits to nursing homes with his church’s youth group, he says, “I cannot stand old people; they have all wrinkles and other gross stuff!” This is an example of

A) cultural competence.

B) prejudice.

C) gerotranscendence.

D) gerontophilia.

52. A recent study of sixth-grade students in the U.S. revealed that _____ children experience discrimination from their peers comparable to discrimination faced by African American children.

A) Native American

B) East Indian American

C) Latino

D) Chinese American

53. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the “browning of America”?

A) It is occurring against a backdrop of long-standing White privilege.

B) Youth of today’s immigrants espouse cultural assimilation into mainstream society.

C) Youth of today’s immigrants espouse economic assimilation into mainstream society.

D) Today’s immigrants settle into inner-city neighborhoods that may be antagonistic to American mainstream.

59. Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in adolescent’s media use is NOT true?

A) Girls spend more time watching TV than boys.

B) Boys spend more time watching TV than girls.

C) Girls spend more time listening to music than boys.

D) Boys use computers and video games more than girls.

60. Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to spend the most time using the media?

A) Bailey, a non-Latino 16-year-old girl.

B) Jasmine, a 25-year-old Latina.

C) John, a 15-year-old African American boy.

D) Crystal, a 20-year-old, non-Latino White emerging adult.

63. Which of the following statements regarding television viewing is NOT true?

A) Research with adolescents supports the discontinuity view of television viewing.

B) Experimental research provides evidence that viewing TV violence can increase aggression.

C) Children and adolescents who have a heavy media diet of violence are more likely to see the world as a dangerous place.

D) Viewing educational television as preschoolers is linked to less aggression in boys at adolescence.

64. Watching TV has been negatively linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A) ADHD.

B) lower school achievement.

C) a decrease in nonclinical attention levels.

D) mental ability.

65. Three possible reasons researchers suggested for why watching TV is negatively linked to children’s achievement include interference, displacement, and

A) self-defeating tastes/preferences.

B) cognitive dissonance.

C) encouragement of passive learning.

D) slot movement.

66. Researchers have found a negative link between the amount of time children watch TV and their

A) prosocial behaviors.

B) math ability.

C) empathy level.

D) reading ability.

67. All but which of the following statements regarding the media and music is TRUE?

A) Adolescents spend huge amounts of time listening to music.

B) Approximately two-thirds of all CDs are purchased by the 10- to 24-year-old age group.

C) One-third of the nation’s 8,200 radio stations aim their music broadcasts at adolescents.

D) There is a slight cause-and-effect relationship between music and music videos and drug use.

68. Rainey spends a great deal of time listening to music that has denigrating sexual lyrics and messages about women. Research has shown that Rainey is at risk for

A) becoming a violent domestic partner.

B) becoming a rapist.

C) engaging in sexual intercourse at an earlier age than his peers who spend less time listening to such music.

D) perpetrating sexual harassment on classmates or colleagues.

69. Despite the advances in technology, adolescents still need to develop non-technological skills, including

A) good communication skills.

B) the ability to solve problems.

C) the ability to think creatively.

D) all of these.

70. Which of the following statements regarding adolescents and the Internet is NOT true?

A) Youth throughout the world are increasingly using the Internet.

B) Adolescents mainly use the Internet to do research for school projects.

C) Three-quarters of adolescents live in a home with an Internet connection.

D) Almost one-third of adolescents have a computer in their bedroom.

71. Evan, age 17, and his friend had in their shared school locker an explicit plan for making a bomb. They said they got it from the Internet. How likely is it that this explanation is TRUE?

A) Not very likely; you have to have clearance from Homeland Security to access these sites.

B) Not very likely; these sites are only available to adults who have gone through background checks.

C) Quite likely; the information is available if adolescents have the skills to navigate through complex information.

D) Not likely at all; this information is not available on the Internet.

72. Parents would be interested to know that _____ of U.S. adolescents ages 10 to 17 have been exposed to unwanted Internet pornography in the past year.

A) nearly one-third

B) one-half

C) nearly two-thirds

D) nearly one-quarter

73. About what percentage of adolescents have visited an Internet site that promotes hate groups?

A) 15 percent

B) 25 percent

C) 35 percent

D) 25 percent

79. After posting pictures of herself on Facebook drinking beer and smoking, Jocylyn, age 19, applies for a job in an upscale boutique. The manager does not hire Jocylyn, saying that her posting on Facebook indicated that she did not have the maturity that the shop manager considered necessary. Jocyln should know that

A) it is illegal to discriminate against her on the basis on any pictures that she placed on Facebook.

B) more employers are checking online sites like MySpace and Facebook as part of a screening process for applicants.

C) colleges cannot use any information that they find on online sites such as Facebook to see if underage students are drinking or violating any college policies.

D) none of these is true.

80. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development on social policy initiatives?

A) Mandate media-literacy programs in all high-school curricula by 2012.

B) Encourage socially-responsible media programming.

C) Increase media presentations of health promotion.

D) Expand opportunities for adolescents’ views to appear in the media.

Essays

84. Describe what is meant by the term “rites of passage,” and explain how these are different in societies around the world.

85. List and describe the four criteria that are used to determine socioeconomic status.

86. Explain the psychological effects that living in poverty has on adolescents and emerging adults.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download