PDF Ecology Study Guide (ch. 13-16)

Ecology Study Guide (ch. 13-16)

Definitions: 1. Ecology 2. Population 3. Community 4. Ecosystem 5. Biome 6. Biotic 7. Abiotic 8. Biodiversity 9. Biogeochemical cycles 10. Nitrogen fixation 11. Carrying capacity 12. Energy pyramid 13. Habitat

14. Niche 15. Keystone species 16. Symbiosis (all 3) 17. Predation 18. Competition 19. Succession (1oand 2o) 20. Pioneer species 21. Climax community 22. Trophic level 23. Food web 24. Producer/autotroph 25. Consumer /heterotroph 26. Decomposer

27. Detritivore 28. Chemotroph 29. Particulates 30. Smog 31. Greenhouse effect 32. Habitat fragmentation 33. Introduced species 34. Umbrella species 35. Sustainable development 36. Ecological footprint 37. Renewable and nonrenewable

resources 38. Biomagnification

Quiz

Test!

Basic Ecology (13.1, 13.2, part of 14.1, 15.3, part of 16.1) 1. Know the components and order of the levels within the biosphere. 2. Differentiate between habitat and niche; be able to give examples of each. 3. Be able to explain ecosystems and their biotic/abiotic factors. 4. Understand each of the biomes learned in class, and what two things make up a climate. 5. Be able to explain how a keystone species may affect an environment. 6. Know the reasons why populations could increase/decrease. 7. What do we know about earth's carrying capacity? Energy and the Ecosystem (13.3, 13.4, 13.5) 1. Know the basic components of an ecosystem. 2. Be able to explain the role of producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3. Be able to read a food chain diagram and identify the type of consumer and trophic levels if given

a picture similar to the one below. 4. Be able to calculate energy as you move up trophic levels (*remember only 10% moves up each level). 5. Know the basic stages of the water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Community Interactions (part of 14.1, 14.2) 1. Be able to explain predation and competition. 2. Be able to explain the various forms of symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism). 3. Be able to explain how the competitive exclusion principal plays a role competition. Succession (14.5) 1. Be able to explain the process of primary and secondary succession. What are the differences?

Which takes place at a faster rate? 2. Be able to identify organisms that are characteristic of each stage of succession. Environmental Issues (16.2- 16.5) 1. Give examples of renewable and nonrenewable resources. What is the importance of resource

management? 2. Be able to explain the causes, effects, and solutions to:

x Air Quality o Air pollution, smog, acid rain, green house effect

x Water Quality o Water pollution o Understand biomagnification, the accumulation of toxins, and how they travel up the food chain/trophic levels. Do fat soluble pollutants get stored in an organisms body?

x Threats to biodiversity o Non-native species- how do they distrupt the ecosystem? o Assess the consequences of the loss of biodiversity

3. Explain how an umbrella species can protect an entire ecosystem 4. Define sustainable development and describe some of its methods.

12B Ecosystems

Variations and Adaptations of Organisms

In:

Explain what adaptations animals in the ecosystem to the right must have in order to survive:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

Abiotic Factors of a Desert:

Desert Adaptations

Plant Adaptations:

Animal Adaptations:

Abiotic Factors of a Tundra:

Tundra Adaptations

Plant Adaptations:

Animal Adaptations:

Abiotic Factors of a Rainforest:

Rainforest Adaptations

Plant Adaptations:

Animal Adaptations:

OUT: Compare how plant and animal adaptations in a hot/dry environment to a cold environment:

Flow of Matter & Energy

Food Web Simulation: What happens when one organ-

ism is taken out of the food chain? How does it affect others? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Producer/Autotroph

Description:

Picture:

Food Chains & Food Webs

Label each trophic level with the correct identifier:

decomposer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, producer, herbivore, carnivore, fungi, main energy source, plant, autotroph, heterotroph

__________________________

__________________________ ________________ ________________

__________________________ ________________ ________________

__________________________ ________________ ________________

__________________________ ________________

Consumer/Heterotroph

Description:

Picture:

Biological Magnification

Description:

Picture:

Description:

Decomposer

Picture:

Description:

Trophic Levels

Picture:

Describe what would be the affect on the rest of the food chain above if a drought occurred and drastically reduced the number of producers.

Flow of Matter & Energy

Describe what happens to most of the energy an organism consumes: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Pyramid of Energy

Description:

Pyramids of Ecology

Energy Flow:

Pyramid of Biomass

Description:

10% Energy Rule

Explain in your own words the 10% energy rule in an ecosystem:

Pyramid of Numbers

Description:

Explain why are there fewer top-level predators in a food chain or food web:

Interpreting Relationships

In:

What type of relationship exists between the two animals in the cartoon? Explain your answer.

_____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

Description:

Mutualism

Picture:

Description:

Commensalism

Picture:

Description:

Parasitism

Picture:

Description:

Predator/Prey

Picture

Symbiosis

Habitat

Description:

Niche

Description: :

Label each with the :

Tickbird live on rhinos & eat ticks. Ticks get food, rhino free of ticks. ________________________________

Mosquito feeds off human. Human is hurt. ________________________________

Sea anemone protects the clownfish from predatory fish. ________________________________

Description:

Competition

Picture:

Interpret the predator/prey relationship in the graph below:

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