World History Pre-test



Unit III Exam – Industrialization, Imperialism, & Revolution

(95 points)

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST

DIRECTIONS – Please answer the following multiple-choice questions with the best possible answer. No answer will be used more than once. (65 questions @ 1 point each = 65 points)

1) This Prussian military leader, known as the “George Washington of Germany”, helped to unite the German Confederation into a single county. What was his name?

a. Martin Luther

b. Wilhelm I

c. Paul von Hindenburg

d. Otto von Bismarck

2) South Africa, one of the richest and most self-sufficient countries on the African continent, suffered for over a century with the problems of Apartheid. What European country created these segregated policies in order to become rich and keep the black South African majority in its place?

a. The French

b. The Afrikaans

c. The Germans

d. The British

3) We have spent a lot of time talking about some of the dangers to be aware of when studying culture. One of the major pitfalls of this is developing the belief that your culture is racially superior to another. What is that danger called?

a. Segregation

b. Racism

c. Stereotyping

d. Ethnocentrism

4) Prior to the start of the Middle Ages, Europe was a very chaotic place. What form of government, based on land and loyalty, came along to help bring law and order back to Europe?

a. Totalitarianism

b. Feudalism

c. Democracy

d. Absolute monarchy

5) Just like the knights of Medieval Europe, the samurai of ancient Japan believed in a very strict code of ethics that governed their behavior in everyday life. What was the name of this code of conduct that was later adopted by the Japanese military in World War II?

a. Seppuku

b. Kamikaze

c. Bushido

d. Toyota

6) During the Revolutions of the 1820’s and 1830’s in Europe, what was the name of the Italian revolutionary who tried to unite Italy under a single unifying government and was well-known for his adventurous spirt and bravery? (Hint: Think red shirt…)

a. Simon Bolivar

b. Lord Byron

c. Toussaint L’Ouverture

d. Giuseppe Garibaldi

7) The Declaration of the Rights of Man is France’s version the Declaration of Independence, a document, crafted by the “moderates”, that proclaims their dedication to the ideals of the Enlightenment and the throwing off of the hated rule of King Louis XVI. What was the motto of this document and eventually the revolution itself?

a. “No Taxation Without Representation”

b. “Prosperity, Equality, Fraternity

c. “Peace, Land, Bread”

d. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

8) What was the name given to the group of idealistic young Japanese samurai who saw the opening up of Japan by the shogun as a crime and wished to return Japan to a more traditional lifestyle by restoring the emperor?

a. The Meiji

b. The daimyo

c. The Shi-Shi

d. The Boxers

9) This British group was created in the 1200’s as a kind of advisory board to the British king, but had not real political power – though today it has a lot. What was this group called? (Hint: Think British Congress & C-SPAN)

a. The Senate

b. The Council

c. The Parliament

d. The House

10) It was the work of this European scientist that helped to jumpstart the Scientific Revolution with the introduction of his Heliocentric Theory, which stated that the Earth revolved around the sun. Who was he?

a. Sir Francis Bacon

b. Sir Isaac Newton

c. Galileo

d. Nicholas Capricious

11) Martin Luther, the German monk and religious leader, was considered a major leader of the Reformation. What action did he take that helped to set off the Reformation in the first place?

a. He created a plan called the “Final Solution”

b. Wrote letters to influential European rulers about the abuses of the Church

c. Gave public addresses about the evils of Church “indulgences”

d. Wrote his grievances down and posted them as the 95 Theses

12) The revolutions in Europe during the 1820’s and 1830’s provoked violence that cut to the very core of European society. What major unresolved issue were many of the revolutions trying to address?

a. Issues of class

b. Issues of economic status

c. Issues of government / the Enlightenment

d. All of the above

13) In December of 1825, troops loyal to the popular Russian prince Constantine, a potential heir to the Russian throne, rioted and forced Czar Nicholas I to send in troops. What is the name associated with the leaders of this protest?

a. The Decembrists

b. The Radicals

c. The Black Hand

d. The Reds

14) In June of 1832, Paris erupted in violence as a result of failed promises of government reform. What popular French author witnessed the violence and was inspired to turn his experiences into a popular novel? (Think: Hugh Jackman…ugh)

a. Niccole Machiavelli

b. Victor Hugo

c. Jack London

d. Alfred T. Mahan

15) As one of the largest and fastest going religions in the world, Islam is a major force when it comes to our world today. Like any religion there are certain rules and guidelines that Muslims must follow in order to show their obedience to Allah or God. What is this set of rules called for Muslims?

a. The Four Noble Truths

b. The Eightfold Path

c. The Caste System

d. The Five Pillars

16) During the Age of Reason (also known as the Enlightenment), this British philosopher believed that people by nature are wicked and selfish, therefore the only way to control them is through a strong government like an absolute monarchy. He also preached the idea of a “social contract” between the ruler and the citizenry. Who was he?

a. John Locke

b. Voltaire

c. Cesare Beccaria

d. Thomas Hobbes

17) Inspired by the example of the Enlightenment philosophers, the reformers of the Industrial Revolution looked at the society they were living in and tried to change things for the better. What class (or classes) of people was they universally dedicated to helping?

a. The child laborers

b. The poor and working class

c. The middle class

d. The foreign immigrants

18) Social organization is one of the many elements of culture we discussed in class. What is an example of social organization?

a. A sports team

b. A family group

c. A study hall

d. A military ranking system

19) The Reformation was known throughout Europe as a ___________________ movement geared towards the Catholic Church. What word best fits into this statement?

a. Religious

b. Wide-spread

c. Reform

d. Protest

20) The Renaissance might never have happened in Europe if a few outdated ideas hadn’t died off first. How did the end of Feudalism help to make the Renaissance successful?

a. Provided for more open dialogue between the classes

b. Provided for more personal freedom of assembly

c. Helped people re-discover their “lost” Greek and Roman roots

d. A return to law and order within Europe

21) Which of the following was NOT one (1) of the major motivators for Europeans when it came to exploring new areas of the world during the Age of Discovery?

a. Becoming rich and finding new sources of gold / wealth

b. Exploring new lands and winning glory in the history books

c. Converting native peoples to Christianity for their own salvation

d. Looking for an all-water route to Asia

22) Following the Napoleonic Wars, the victorious powers of Europe sought a way to ensure peace in Europe and avoid another Napoleon. In the end, they created a group that was suppose to be a forum for peaceful dialog and negotiation. What was this group called?

a. The United Nations

b. The Gang of Eight

c. The Congress of Vienna

d. The League of Nations

23) During the Opium Wars, the Chinese emperor was fighting a losing battle not only against the superiority of European technology, but also against his own people. What aspect of the Opium Wars made this an unwinnable conflict for the Chinese?

a. That the British had more money to spend on war then the Emperor

b. The people of China wanted the protection of the British because they no longer felt secure with the Chinese government

c. China had become a “nation of addicts”, addicted to the opium that Britain was using to trade with

d. The Chinese wanted to create a new democratic government

24) During the Revolutions of the 1820’s and 1830’s, this group came to characterize the “old order” of things in Europe, with their wealth, rejection of the ideals of the Enlightenment, and their emphasis on God, history, and longevity. What was the name associated with this group?

a. The Conservatives

b. The Liberals

c. The Moderates

d. The Radicals

25) The Catholic Church in medieval Europe was one of the most powerful aspects of society, controlling not only people’s spiritual lives, but their economic and governmental as well. What aspect of the Catholic Church was NOT one of the things that made it influential?

a. No king controlled the actions of the Church, only the Pope could do that

b. The Church was a major landowner and controlled many medieval manors

c. The Church possessed advanced scientific knowledge which made them feared by many within medieval society

d. With the help of “indulgences” and other sources of income, the Church was independently wealthy

26) Over the next four-hundred (400) years, over nine (9) million African men, women, and children are estimated to have been captured, chained, and sold as part of the African slave trade and Europe’s demand for cheap labor. What was a reason why African slaves were seen as more attractive a “product” then Native American slaves?

a. Their knowledge of the territory was better

b. They were physically built better

c. They had immunities to European diseases

d. They could be captured and sold in bulk for little cost

27) The Incas controlled large tracts of Latin America for over three hundred (300) years and where one of the best civilizations when it came to responding to crisis, though they failed miserable when it came to dealing with the invading Spanish. What innovation did the Incas use to spread the word of internal problems from one end of the empire to the other?

a. An advanced government

b. An complex system of roads

c. A powerful and feared military

d. A system of local chiefs and governors

28) In order to focus their minds on their religion and also to pay respect to Allah, which direction do Muslims pray five (5) times a day?

a. East

b. West

c. The direction of the prophet prayed

d. Towards the city of Mecca

29) When Westerners first landed in the late 1800’s in Asia and forced China and Japan to end their two hundred (200) years of self-imposed isolationism, what was one (1) of the main reasons why Westerners wanted to trade with these cultures?

a. Low tariffs and trade barriers

b. New and interesting inventions and technology

c. The hunger to explore and discover new cultures

d. The desire for raw materials for their factories

30) Influenced greatly by the thinkers of the Enlightenment and the ideals of the French Revolution, this Haitian-born slave-turned-freedom fighter helped his countrymen win their independence from France. Who was he?

a. Simon Bolivar

b. Padre Jose Morelos

c. Toussaint L’Ouverture

d. Pancho Villa

31) Children in medieval China were taught from a very early age to show complete love and obedience to their parents and also show great respect for their family’s past. What was the name given to this philosophy, another invention of the Chinese philosopher and teacher Confucius?

a. Ancestor worship

b. Confucianism

c. Catholicism

d. Filial Piety

32) The Age of Monarchs saw the rise of all-powerful kings like Phillip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Peter the Great of Russia. What did these European monarchs use to justify their God-given right to rule?

a. A written constitution

b. Divine right

c. The Mandate of Heaven

d. The consent of the people

33) Following the death of Lenin in 1924, a power struggle ensued over who would take over as leader of the Communist regime in the USSR. What was the name of Russian revolutionary and theorist, who was Lenin’s second-in command, who sought this position of power (but lost it in the end…)?

a. Gorbachev

b. Trotsky

c. Stalin

d. Khrushchev

34) During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, the British colonized India and turned it into a very profitable colony for their empire. However, their ignorance towards local customs and culture caused them some problems. What was the name given to the segment of the British colonial society that revolted as a result of British ignorance towards basic Hindu and Muslim teachings?

a. The Boers

b. The Harazas

c. The Kurds

d. The Sepoy

35) During the Russian Civil War, thousands of men, women, and children lost their lives fighting or being caught in the crossfire of a conflict that would decide who would rule Russia following the abdication of the Czar. What was the name given to the side, supported Czar Nicholas II and Russia’s weak democratic government? (Hint: Think colors)

a. The Reds

b. The Whites

c. The Red Guard

d. The Purple People Eaters

36) When the Spanish Men’s and Women’s Olympic basketball team posed for the cameras doing the “slit-eyed” gesture, what was this an example of that we have to be cautious of when studying other cultures?

a. Segregation

b. Racism

c. Stereotyping

d. Ethnocentrism

37) Known as the “George Washington of Latin America”, this wealthy Venezuelan Creole left a life of privilege and comfort to lead several Latin American countries to independence. Who was this great Latin American general and leader, known as the “Libertador”?

a. Toussaint L’Ouverture

b. Simon Bolivar

c. Padre Jose Morelos

d. Vicente Fox

38) Scientists and anthropologists have debated for many years as to when and how the first “native” Americans arrived on the shores of Latin America. What is the most-widely accepted scientific theory of how people got to the New World?

a. The Noah’s ark theory

b. The creationism theory

c. The land-bridge theory

d. The migration theory

39) Following the conquest and colonization of the New World, the Spanish and Portuguese went about maximizing their investment by building massive plantations and ranches. Slave labor was imported from Africa to work these establishments. What did the Europeans call these plantations?

a. Manors

b. Encomiendas

c. Courts

d. Estates

40) The Industrial Revolution was a time of great technological advancement in both Europe. However, it would never have started without a similar revolution in this area just prior to it, which helped to raise demand for manufactured goods and increased the population. What area of the economy was it?

a. Industry

b. Banking

c. Farming

d. Mining

41) Prior to Christopher Columbus’ trip to Latin America in 1492, there were many Native-American civilizations that grew out of Latin America. What food producing activity did many of these civilizations base their societies around?

a. Hunting and gathering

b. Trade with neighboring tribes

c. Agriculture or farming

d. Fishing

42) Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the Aztecs controlled large sections of what is today Mexico. How did the Aztecs keep control over such a large empire for so long?

a. An advanced government

b. An complex system of roads

c. A powerful and feared military

d. A system of local chiefs and governors

43) This famous reformer of the Industrial Revolution was one of the founders of the Laissez–faire Capitalist movement and believed that government should not interfere with the workings of the economy. Rather, the economy should be free to correct itself. What was the name of this famous economist / philosopher?

a. Karl Marx

b. William Wilberforce

c. Adam Smith

d. Charles Fourier

44) Powerful absolute monarchs known as the “czars” once ruled Russia. What famous Russian czar helped to establish Russia as a major world power following the Times of Trouble and turmoil of the Middle Ages?

a. Nicholas II

b. Ivan the Terrible

c. Peter the Great

d. Catherine the Great

45) This major figure of the Scientific Revolution helped to develop a standard practice of questioning that came to dominate the Scientific Revolution and the way that every High School student conducts an experiment in Science class. Who was he?

a. Sir Isaac Newton

b. Sir Francis Bacon

c. Albert Einstein

d. Leonardo Di Vinci

46) The Armenian Genocide has long been considered the first modern genocide of the 20th Century. What conflict helped to intensify Ottoman hatred of the Armenians and jumpstart the genocide?

a. The Russo-Turkish War

b. World War II

c. World War I

d. The Afghan War

47) Known as “________________ the Lawgiver”, this gifted Ottoman sultan created lasting reforms within the Ottoman Empire while writing laws that are still on the books. Who was he?

a. Suleiman

b. Muhammad

c. Louis

d. Peter

48) In 313 AD, the Roman emperor Constantine issues an order that made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. What was the name of this proclamation?

a. The Twelve Tables

b. The Edict of Mize

c. The Edict of Milan

d. The Emancipation Proclamation

49) Religious affiliation was a major factor in the English Civil War. What religious group was most associated with the English monarchs like King James I and King Charles I?

a. The Catholics Church

b. The Protestant Church

c. The Church of England

d. The Lutheran Church

50) This British monarch helped to spark civil war in England, led loyalist troops against Parliament, and eventually lost his head as a result of the English Civil War. Who was he?

a. King Charles II

b. Queen Elizabeth I

c. King William I

d. King Charles I

51) The Weimar Republic, formed after World War I, was doomed from the start in Germany. Which of the following was NOT a reason why the Weimar Republic failed?

a. The German people had no experience with democracy

b. The German people hated the Treaty of Versailles

c. The German people blamed the Weimar government for World War I

d. The German people blamed the Jews for their misfortunes

52) What was the name of group of Christian church elders who formalized a final set of practices and rules that turned the “Christian” Church into the Roman Catholic Church in the year 382 AD?

a. The Council of Milan

b. The Council of Mica

c. The Council of Rome

d. The Council of the Vatican

53) Following the Reformation, Europe descended into a turbulent period of religious bloodshed and violence. What was the name of the treaty that eventually brought some peace to the Protestant and Catholic peoples of Europe?

a. The Treaty of Versailles

b. The Peace of Augsburg

c. The Treaty of Paris

d. The Peace of Montpelier

54) This farmer-turned-general was the leader of armies loyal to the British Parliament during the English Civil War and eventually ruled England as a religious dictator. Who was he?

a. Napoleon Bonaparte

b. Joseph Stalin

c. Oliver Cromwell

d. William the Conqueror

55) During the French Revolution, the people of France (particularly the poor) despised and hated the upper levels of French society, who controlled all of the wealth and power. What was the name given to this French class system?

a. The estate system

b. The caste system

c. The leveled system

d. The pyramid system

56) What was the nickname associated with the forces loyal to the monarchy during the English Civil War? (Hint: they were distinguished by their flashy clothes / style…)

a. The Rebels

b. The Roundheads

c. The Cavaliers

d. The Tories

57) Many prominent Americans spoke out against the barbaric nature of the Armenian genocide. Who was one of their most recognizable supporters?

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. Franklin Roosevelt

c. Theodore Roosevelt

d. Harry Truman

58) With its large and well-educated work force, stable government, stockpiles of saved money, and a willing consumer base from its colonial possessions, which country turned out to be the perfect place for the start of the Industrial Revolution?

a. Spain

b. Great Britain

c. France

d. The United States

59) During Revolutions of the 1820’s and 1830’s, what was the name of the French leader who came into power as a popular reformer, but ended up ruling as a dictator and provoking uprisings in the streets of Paris?

a. Toussaint L’Ouverture

b. Napoleon III

c. Louis-Philippe

d. Victor Hugo

60) This German state was considered the most powerful of the German Confederation for its strong military tradition, large population, and industry. What was the name of the German state that helped unite Germany into a single nation?

a. Bavaria

b. Prussia

c. Hamburg

d. Berlin

61) When the United States ended Japan’s self-imposed two hundred (200) years of isolation, they used their military strength to make the shogun sign a treaty that gave the US trading rights in Japan. What was the name of this treaty?

a. The Treaty of Versailles

b. The Treaty of Paris

c. The Treaty of Kanagawa

d. The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo

62) Anthropology really started to come into its own in the 1800’s due to a rise in the public’s questions as to where do we (human beings) as a species come from. What British scientist developed a theory as to the evolution of man that is still very hotly debated today?

a. Charles Darwin

b. William Graham Sumner

c. Robert Levy

d. Gregory Beatson

63) In 1066, the dispute for the English throne reached its climax as the decedents of King Alfred the Great, Herald and William, met on the field of battle in this iconic clash of human history. What was this battle called?

a. The Battle of Britain

b. The Battle of Dover

c. The Battle of Hastings

d. The Battle of Mammoth

64) This group, known as the original “Brits”, was the first to live in what is today England and where known for their wild nomadic lifestyle and fierce fighting tactics. Who were they?

a. The Celtics

b. The Anglo-Saxons

c. The Romans

d. The Ottomans

65) During the Revolutions of the 1820’s and 1830’s across Europe, what was the name of the British poet and originator of the Romantic Movement that went to help fight for Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire?

a. Vladimir Lenin

b. Henry Watts

c. Lord Albert Price

d. Lord Byron

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