Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B

Name

Class

Date

Skills Worksheet

Directed Reading B

Section: Living Things Need Energy

______ 1. To survive, living things need a. grasslands. b. energy. c. clothing. d. species.

THE ENERGY CONNECTION 2. What three groups can animals be divided into based on how they get energy?

3. Organisms that change the energy in sunlight into food are called

.

4. Producers use a process called 5. Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are known

to make food.

as

.

6. A consumer that eats only plants is a(n)

.

7. A consumer that eats only animals is a(n)

.

8. A consumer that eats both plants and animals is

a(n)

.

9. Omnivores that eat dead plants and animals are called

. 10. Organisms that break down dead organisms to get energy are called

. 11. List two decomposers.

12. A diagram that shows how energy in food is transferred from one organism

to another is a(n)

.

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Interactions of Living Things

Name

Class

Date

Directed Reading B continued

13. Name the three types of consumers.

14. What is a food web? 15. What happens to the energy not immediately used by an organism?

16. The diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy at each level of the

food chain is known as a(n)

.

17. Explain why less energy is available at higher levels of an energy pyramid.

WOLVES AND THE ENERGY PYRAMID

18. When gray wolves were almost wiped out as the wilderness was settled, what happened to the grass and elk in some areas?

19. What happened when gray wolves were brought back to Yellowstone National Park?

Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Holt California Earth Science

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Interactions of Living Things

Name

Class

Date

Directed Reading B continued

20. How are all organisms in a food web important?

21. Why are ranchers near Yellowstone worried about wolves returning?

Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Holt California Earth Science

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Interactions of Living Things

TEACHER RESOURCES

SECTION: LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY 1. B 2. Answers may vary. Sample answer:

The population remains about the same because most offspring do not survive. 3. limiting factor 4. Answers may vary. Sample answer: when a population gets too large for the amount of food that is available 5. carrying capacity 6. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Limiting factors in the environment will cause individuals to die or leave. 7. predator 8. competition 9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Elk in Yellowstone compete for food. 10. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Different species of trees compete for sunlight. 11. A 12. D 13. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A cheetah runs very quickly to catch its prey; a goldenrod spider blends in with a flower to catch its prey when the prey lands on the flower. 14. Answers may vary. Answer should include two of the following: running quickly, living in groups, camouflage, poison, using warning coloration. 15. camouflage 16. Answers may vary. Answer should include two of the following: Bombardier beetles and skunks spray irritating chemicals; bees, ants, and wasps inject acid; the skin of the poison arrow frog and the hooded pitohui contain toxins. 17. The colors are a warning. Predators will avoid any animal that has the colors and patterns they associate with pain, illness, or unpleasant experiences. 18. A 19. mutualism, commensalism, parasitism 20. mutualism 21. commensalism 22. parasitism 23. parasite 24. host

SECTION: TYPES OF INTERACTIONS 1. B 2. producers, consumers, decomposers 3. producers 4. photosynthesis 5. consumers 6. herbivore 7. carnivore 8. omnivore 9. scavengers 10. decomposers 11. Answers may vary. Sample answer:

fungi, bacteria, or other organisms that break down food 12. food chain 13. primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers 14. a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms 15. Any energy not immediately used by an organism is stored in its cells, which can then be used by the next consumer. 16. energy pyramid 17. because most of the energy has already been used at the lower levels 18. There was an increase in elk because the wolves were not around to eat them. The elk overgrazed the grass, so it was almost gone. The overgrazing left too little grass to support the herbivore populations, which began to decline. This caused the predator populations to decline because there wasn't enough prey. 19. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The wolves began to breed. The wolves then killed the old and diseased elk, reducing their number. More plants grew, which increased the number of herbivores. 20. for the health and balance of other organisms in the food web 21. Wolves sometimes eat cows and sheep.

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Interactions of Living Things

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