Keystone Biology Remediation A1: Basic Biological Principles

Keystone Biology Remediation A1: Basic Biological Principles

Assessment Anchors: ? to describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (A.1.1.1) ? to compare the cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (A.1.2.1) ? to describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) (A.1.2.2)

Unit Vocabulary:

biology cell cell wall chloroplast chromosomes cytoplasm development DNA endoplasmic reticulum eukaryote

Golgi apparatus growth homeostasis mitochondrion multicellular nucleus organ organ system organelle organism

photosynthesis plasma membrane prokaryote reproduction response ribosome stimulus tissue unicellular vacuole

Assessment Anchor: Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (A.1.1.1)

Characteristic

Description

Are made of cells

All living things consist of one or more cells.

The chemical reactions that keep organisms alive take place

in cells.

Picture

Are based on a universal genetic code

All living things store their genetic information in DNA.

The DNA of all living things consists of a code made

of four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

All living things need to get energy

Constantly obtain

and raw materials to keep

and use materials themselves alive.

Some living things

and energy

make their own food and some eat

other organisms.

Are capable of reproducing (on their own)

All living things are capable of producing offspring.

These offspring

obtain their genetic makeup from their parents

Grow and develop

All living things have a distinct life

cycle ? a particular pattern of growth

and change that occurs over the

organism's lifetime.

Respond to stimuli

All living things can react to events occurring in their environments.

Maintain homeostasis

All living things maintain a constant internal environment/internal balance.

cold water

warm water

Assessment Anchor: Compare the cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (A.1.2.1)

Plant vs. Animal Cell

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Assessment Anchor:

Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) (A.1.2.2)

Level of Organization

Molecule

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Definition

a group of atoms bonded

together

the basic unit of all living things

a group of cells that share a common structure and function

a group of tissues working

together to perform a common function a group of organs working together to perform a common function

Example of Specialization

Phospholipids, the major component of cell membranes, have a polar region

and a nonpolar region. This allows the cell membrane to function effectively as

a selective barrier. Cells that line the small intestine are specialized for the absorption of small

molecules. They have folded cell membranes to increase the surface

area for absorption. One function of epithelium is to provide

a barrier to foreign invaders. The epithelium that lines the inside of the mouth is composed of many layers of

cells because they are constantly knocked off when food is chewed.

The function of the lungs is to exchange gases with the bloodstream. The lungs are composed of small sacs that increase the surface area for the

diffusion of gases.

The function of the digestive system is to digest food, absorb nutrients, and

egest the remaining material. The system consists of the mouth,

esophagus, stomach, and intestines as well as the pancreas and liver.

Diagram

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