TOPIC 14 – MOTIONS OF EARTH, MOON, SUN



Name: _______________________ Class Period:________

Motions of Earth pg. 60-73

Adapted from Mr. D’Anna

pg. 60

Apparent Motions of Celestial Objects – stars, sun, moon, and planets

1. What is an apparent motion?____________________________________________________

2. What is causing the apparent motion of stars moving across the sky from east to west?

pg. 61

Daily Motion of Stars

3. How do most celestial (heavenly) objects appear to move across the sky?

4. How do some of the stars near the North Star or Polaris appear to move?

Apparent Motions of Earth’s Moon

5. Does the moon follow the daily east-to-west motion of the stars? ________________________

6. How many minutes does the moon appear to rise later each day? ________________________

Apparent Motions of the Sun

7. The sun always reaches its highest position in the sky at _________________________

Use figure 4-3 on page 62

8. What month is the sun highest in the sky at solar noon? __________________________

9. What month is the sun lowest in the sky at solar noon? __________________________

pg. 63

MODELS THAT HELP EXPLAIN APPARENT CELESTIAL MOTIONS

Geocentric Models

10. Most early cultures believed in the geocentric model. What is the geocentric model?

Pg. 64

11. What is a heliocentric model?

pg. 65

ACTUAL EARTH MOTIONS

Rotation of Earth

12. How many degrees is earth’s axis tilted from a line perpendicular to the plane of its orbit?_______

13. Does the tilt ever change? _______________________________________________________

14. The north end of the axis points towards the ________________________star?

15. How long does it take earth to rotate 360° from WEST TO EAST?______________________

pg. 66

Evidence of Earth’s Rotation

The Foucault pendulum

16. When a Foucault pendulum was observed in 1851, how did it appear to change?

17. What is this evidence of (What does the movement of the Foucault pendulum support or prove)?

pg. 66

The Coriolis Effect

18. What is the Coriolis Effect?

pg. 67

Evidence of Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun

19. How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun? ___________________________

20. Earth’s orbit is a slightly eccentric ellipse. Eccentricity means the degree of ovalness of an ellipse or how far it is from being a circle. Does our slightly elliptical orbit cause the seasons?

21. You should have said no to the above question. What does cause our seasons?

Pg 67

22. What is a constellation?

23. Why are having different constellations associated with each of the 4 season’s proof of revolution?

pg. 69

Earth and Moon Motions and Time

24. What is the concept of the month based on? ____________________

25. What is a day based on? ___________________________________

26. What is a year based on? __________________________________

Pg. 69

Local Time

27. What is time based on?

pg. 71

Actual Motions of Earth’s Moon

28. What common events are the results of the revolution of the moon around Earth as Earth revolves around the sun?

29. What is the tilt and period of the moon’s revolution?

Moon Phases pg. 71

30. What causes us to see the phases of the moon?

Pg. 72

31. What type of change are the phases of the moon? ________________

32. The period from one full moon to the next is how many days? ________

33. Moon’s period of revolution is only how many days? ________________

(As the moon revolves around Earth, Earth is moving in its orbit around the sun. Therefore, it takes longer (approximately 2 days) for the moon to complete its full cycle from full moon to full moon)

pg. 72

Tides

34. What causes the tides?

35. The tidal effect is caused primarily by what?

Why?

36. Few ocean shores experience an ideal cycle of tides but normally how many high tides and low

tides are there in a 24 hour cycle? _____________

(When the moon, earth and sun are in a straight line you get higher high tides and lower low tides).

pg. 73

Eclipses

37. What is an eclipse?

Lunar Eclipse

38. What is a lunar eclipse?

39. This ONLY happens during what moon phase?

40. Why doesn’t this happen every month?

Solar Eclipse

41. What is a solar eclipse?

42. During what moon phase can it happen? _________________

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