Political Corruption: An Introduction to the Issues

Political Corruption: An Introduction to the Issues

Inge Amundsen

WP 1999: 7

Political Corruption: An Introduction to the Issues

Inge Amundsen

WP 1999: 7

Chr. Michelsen Institute Development Studies and Human Rights

This series can be ordered from: Chr. Michelsen Institute P.O. Box 6033 Postterminalen, N-5892 Bergen, Norway Tel: + 47 55 57 40 00 Fax: + 47 55 57 41 66 E-mail: cmi@amadeus.cmi.no Web/URL:http//cmi.no

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ISSN 0804-3639 ISBN 82-90584-40-7

Indexing terms

Corruption Political corruption Neo-patriomonialism Democratisation

? Chr. Michelsen Institute 1999

Contents

1. Introduction

1

2. Corruption: some definitions

1

2.1 The state is always involved

2

2.2 Political corruption and bureaucratic corruption

3

2.3 Private corruption and collective corruption

4

2.4 Redistribution and extractive corruption

5

2.5 Some corruption-related concepts

10

3. What causes corruption?

15

3.1 Economic explanations

15

3.2 Political explanations

17

4. What are the consequences of corruption?

19

4.1 Economic consequences

19

4.2 Political consequences

20

5. Curtailing corruption

21

5.1 External or international control

22

5.2 Executive control

24

5.3 Internal or institutional control

25

5.4 Democratic control

25

6. How to study corruption

26

7. Summary

29

References

30

Annexes

31

iii

Acknowledgements

A very preliminary version of this paper was presented at the conference "The many faces of corruption: Comparative approaches to the theory and practice", organised by Muwatin, the Palestinian Institute for the Study of Democracy in Ramallah, Palestine, April 1999. In addition to comments from a broad audience at this seminar and the opinion of Dr Ziad Abu Amr, I am grateful to colleagues at the CMI for valuable comments. The institutional and scientific cooperation between the CMI and Muwatin is financially supported by the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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