Sample vs population variance

    • [DOC File]Techniques and Practice of Ecological Sampling

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      Choosing sample sites: Random vs. Haphazard: Experimenter bias in sampling is a common hazard and must be continuously guarded against (for example: “It’s late and this rock is too hard to look under so it wouldn’t hurt to sample under this smaller rock” right?) To obtain an unbiased estimate of the population, sampling should be done at

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    • [DOC File]The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a ...

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      Assumption 2: The population variance and covariances among the dependent variables are the same across all levels of the factor. That is, variances for each dependent variable are approximately equal in all groups plus covariances between pairs of dependent variables are approximately equal for all groups.

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    • [DOC File]Normal Curve, Probabilities, and Hypothesis Testing

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      Sample vs. Population: - Used z-scores to determine if a SINGLE SCORE was probable or improbable. - Now take SET OF SCORES, see if a sample is probable or improbable. Or, see if estimate of population (sample mean) is reliable (a good estimate). - Instead of creating a distribution of scores, create a distribution of MEANS.

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    • [DOC File]An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

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      From the data a sample variance/covariance matrix is calculated. From this matrix and the model an estimated population variance/covariance matrix is computed. If the estimated population variance/covariance matrix is very similar to the known sample variance/covariance matrix, then the model is said to fit the data well.

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    • [DOC File]Standard deviation

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      where is the sample and is the mean of the sample. The denominator N − 1 is the number of degrees of freedom in the vector . The reason for this definition is that s2 is an unbiased estimator for the variance σ2 of the underlying population, if that variance exists and the sample values are drawn independently with replacement.

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    • [DOC File]STATISTICS - SUMMARY

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      An F-test is performed to choose between a “pooled sample” variance estimate or “separate” variances. In most cases it doesn’t matter, but procedure is to use the pooled variance estimator if the F-test of differences in variances is not significant. One Way ANOVA: Generalization of T …

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    • [DOC File]ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

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      Similarly, the plot of the residuals vs. the fits (sample means) does not indicate a trend in as a function of mean response. Common Variance: Variances are the same for each population group. Check by doing a dot plot of the residuals vs. sample means and check the spread (variability). Test the hypotheses. There are three tests of significance.

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    • [DOC File]Power and Sample Size Calculation - Purdue University

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      For example, if the researcher learns from literature that the population follows a normal distribution with mean of 100 and variance of 100 under the null hypothesis and he/she expects the mean to be greater than 105 or less than 95 under the null hypothesis and he/she wants the test to be significant at 95% level, the resulting power function ...

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